# How to read a legal letter without panicking > A court letter, a solicitor's notice, or a tribunal decision. What each part means, the dates that matter, and when to call someone today. Canonical: https://dev.swirlai.app/blog/how-to-read-a-legal-letter Last updated: 2026-10-31 Read it in this order: who sent it, what they are asking for, and the date they need it by. Then find the deadline to respond, which is not the same as the date of a hearing. A legal letter usually has a set form and a set response route, so do not reply in your own format. Note the reference number, and call a free advice service before you write anything. Legal letters are written to a template. That is bad news for reading them and good news for answering them, because the template means there is a known set of parts and a known place to reply. ## The three parts of any legal letter - The process: a claim, a notice, a decision, or a direction. This tells you what stage you are at. - The demand: respond, pay, attend, or provide a document. - The route: a form, an online portal, a named court office, or an address. This is the part people miss. If you cannot find the route, you cannot answer. Search the sender's name and the document type, or call the number on their official site, not the number on the letter. ## Two dates, and they are not the same The date to respond is the one that decides whether you lose by default. The date of a hearing or an appointment is later, and it is not the deadline for paperwork. Letters often put both on one page. Write both down before you do anything else. If only one date appears, it is almost always the response date. ## Do not reply in your own words A warm paragraph explaining your situation is the wrong instrument here. Legal processes respond to forms, to specific admissions or denials, and to deadlines. Answer in the format they gave you, and keep your explanation for the part of the form that asks for it. This is also where an AI is useful and where it stops. It can explain the words, find the dates, and draft a covering note. It cannot tell you whether to admit a claim. ## When to call someone today Call a free advice service the same day if the letter mentions a hearing within 14 days, a bailiff, a possession claim, or a default judgment that has already happened. Those four have short clocks and a known set of remedies. Citizens Advice, a law centre, or the court's own help desk can tell you which form applies. None of them will be surprised by the call. It is the most common call they take. ## What to keep Keep the letter, the envelope if it has a postmark, what you sent, and the date you sent it. Proof of when you responded is often more important than what you said, because the deadline is the thing being tested. ## Do this in Swirl Templates work both ways: they are hard to read and easy to answer. **A normal chat:** A normal chat summarises the letter. Swirl names the response route and the date, and keeps both for when the hearing notice arrives. [Read the fair comparison](https://dev.swirlai.app/vs/chatgpt) Prompt: Here is a legal letter. Tell me the process, what they want me to do, the date I must respond by, and the route they gave me to reply. Then draft a covering note: [Try this in Swirl](https://dev.swirlai.app/?for=writing&utm_source=blog&utm_medium=how-to-read-a-legal-letter) ### Do I have to reply to a legal letter? If it sets a response date, yes. Ignoring a claim can lead to a judgment in default, which is decided without you. If the letter is only informing you of something, there may be nothing to file. ### What is a deadline to respond? It is the last day the sender will accept your answer, and it is usually printed near the top or in a box. Count from the date on the letter, not the day it arrived, unless the letter says otherwise. ### Can I use an AI to help me read a legal letter? It can explain the words, list the dates, and draft a covering note. It cannot decide whether to admit or defend a claim, and it should never be the only thing you rely on for a hearing date. ## Related - [What happens if I ignore a letter?](https://dev.swirlai.app/blog/what-happens-if-i-ignore-a-letter) - [Is this letter a scam?](https://dev.swirlai.app/blog/is-this-letter-a-scam) - [How to reply to a letter you don't understand](https://dev.swirlai.app/blog/how-to-reply-to-a-letter-you-dont-understand)